Tripura is governed through a parliamentary system of representative democracy, a feature it shares with other Indian states. Universal suffrage is granted to residents. The Tripura government has three branches: executive, legislature and judiciary.
The Tripura Legislative Assembly consists of elected members and special office bearers
that are elected by the members. Assembly meetings are presided over by the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in case of Speaker's absence.
The Assembly is unicameral with 60 Members of the Legislative Assembly .The members are
elected for a term of five years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term.
The judiciary is composed of the Tripura High Court and a system of lower courts.Executive authority is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister. The Governor, the titular head of state, is appointed by the President of India.
The leader of the party or a coalition of parties with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor.
The Council of Ministers are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister.
The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly.Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council, pictured, encompasses much of the state Tripura sends two representatives to the Lok Sabha the lower house of the parliament of India
and one representative to the Rajya Sabha.
In 2014 Indian general election, both parliament lower house seats were won by the Communist Party of India.Panchayats elected by local body elections are present in many villages for self-governance.
Tripura also has a unique tribal self-governance body, the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council.
This council is responsible for some aspects of local governance in 527 villages with high density of the scheduled tribes.The main political parties are the Bharatiya Janata Party, the Left Front, the All India Trinamool Congress and Indian National Congress along with regional parties like IPFT and INPT.
Until 1977, the state was governed by the Indian National Congress. The Left Front was in power from 1978 to 1988, and then again from 1993 to 2018.During 1988–1993, the Congress and Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti were in a ruling coalition.
In the Tripura Legislative Assembly election, 2013, the Left Front won 50 out of 60 seats in the Assembly.The 2018 assembly election resulted in loss for the Left Front; the Bharatiya Janata Party won an overall majority in the state, resulting in the end of the Communist Party's uninterrupted twenty-five year rule.
BJP won 44 out of 60 seats in the Assembly by coalition with IPFT. CPI (M) only got 16 seats and Indian National Congress lost by huge margins in all constituencies.
Communism in the state had its beginnings in the pre-independence era, inspired by freedom struggle activities in Bengal, and culminating in regional parties with communist leanings.It capitalised on the tribal dissatisfaction with the mainstream rulers, and has been noted for connection with the "sub-national or ethnic searches for identity".
Since the 1990s, there is an ongoing irredentist Tripura rebellion, involving militant outfits such as the National Liberation Front of Tripura and the All Tripura Tiger Force; terrorist incidents involving the ATTF claimed a recorded number of 389 victims in the seven-year period of 1993 to 2000.
The Armed Forces Act, 1958 was first enforced in Tripura on 16 February 1997 when terrorism was at its peak in the state. Ever since it was enforced in Tripura, the Act, as per its provisions, was reviewed and extended after every six months.
However, in view of the improvement in the situation and fewer terrorist activities being reported, the Tripura government in June 2013 reduced operational areas of the AFSPA to 30 police station areas. The last six-month extension to AFSPA was given in November 2014, and after about 18 years of operation, it was repealed on 29 May 2015
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